1/23/2024 0 Comments Corona meaning anatomyOther techniques to characterize the BC, such as gel electrophoresis, differential centrifugal sedimentation, and conventional electron microscopy, also fail to provide structural details. Although LC-MS/MS delivers reliable information on protein identification and quantification, it cannot perceive the arrangement and distribution of the proteins within the BC nor their association and interaction with the surface of NPs 6. Among the biomolecules involved in forming the BC (e.g., lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and sugars), proteins are the most-studied owing to their function in a wide range of cellular activities and analysis by techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) 5. The biomolecular corona (BC) adsorbed onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) after exposure to human plasma controls their interaction with biological systems 1, 2, 3, 4. The analysis of the BC at a single NP level and its variability among NPs in the same sample, and the discovery of the presence of nonspecific biomolecules in plasma residues, enable more precise characterization of NPs, improving predictions of their safety and efficacies. Using a synergistic application of cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography, and three-dimensional reconstruction, we revealed the unique morphological details of the biomolecules and their distribution/association with the surface of polystyrene NPs at a nanoscale resolution. The fundamental challenge is to visualize the biomolecules within the corona and their relationship/association to the surface of the NPs. Understanding the true nature of the biomolecular corona (BC) in its native state is, therefore, essential for its safe and efficient application in clinical settings. The biological identity of nanoparticles (NPs) is established by their interactions with a wide range of biomolecules around their surfaces after exposure to biological media.
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